ORM: Object Relational Mapping 程序中的对象实例和关系数据库做映射

映射关系

Create

user := User{Name: "Jinzhu", Age: 18, Birthday: time.Now()}
result := db.Create(&user) // 通过数据的指针来创建
user.ID             // 返回插入数据的主键
result.Error        // 返回 error
result.RowsAffected // 返回插入记录的条数

db.Select("Name", "Age", "CreatedAt").Create(&user)
// INSERT INTO `users` (`name`,`age`,`created_at`) VALUES ("jinzhu", 18, "2020-07-04 11:05:21.775")

db.Omit("Name", "Age", "CreatedAt").Create(&user)
// INSERT INTO `users` (`birthday`,`updated_at`) VALUES ("2020-01-01 00:00:00.000", "2020-07-04 11:05:21.775")

Insert

var users = []User{{Name: "jinzhu1"}, {Name: "jinzhu2"}, {Name: "jinzhu3"}}
db.Create(&users)

for _, user := range users {
  user.ID // 1,2,3
}

var users = []User{{name: "jinzhu_1"}, ...., {Name: "jinzhu_10000"}}

// 数量为 100
db.CreateInBatches(users, 100)

Hooks

func (u *User) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) (err error) {
	u.UUID = uuid.New()
	
	if u.Role == "admin" {
		return errors.New("invalid role")
	}
	return
}

Create From Map: supports map[string]interface{} and []map[string]interface{}{}

db.Model(&User{}).Create(map[string]interface{}{
  "Name": "jinzhu", "Age": 18,
})

// batch insert from `[]map[string]interface{}{}`
db.Model(&User{}).Create([]map[string]interface{}{
  {"Name": "jinzhu_1", "Age": 18},
  {"Name": "jinzhu_2", "Age": 20},
})

Create From SQL Expression/Context Value

db.Model(User{}).Create(map[string]interface{}{
	"Name": "jinzhu",
	"Location": clause.Expr{SQL: "ST_PointFromText(?)", Vars: []interface{}{"POINT(100 100)"}},
})
// INSERT INTO `users` (`name`,`location`) VALUES ("jinzhu",ST_PointFromText("POINT(100 100)"));

// Create from customized data type
type Location struct {
	X, Y int
}

// Scan implements the sql.Scanner interface
func (loc *Location) Scan(v interface{}) error {
  // Scan a value into struct from database driver
}

func (loc Location) GormDataType() string {
  return "geometry"
}

func (loc Location) GormValue(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB) clause.Expr {
  return clause.Expr{
    SQL:  "ST_PointFromText(?)",
    Vars: []interface{}{fmt.Sprintf("POINT(%d %d)", loc.X, loc.Y)},
  }
}

type User struct {
  Name     string
  Location Location
}

db.Create(&User{
  Name:     "jinzhu",
  Location: Location{X: 100, Y: 100},
})
// INSERT INTO `users` (`name`,`location`) VALUES ("jinzhu",ST_PointFromText("POINT(100 100)"))